Hay analysis The only way to know the nutritional (including sugar/WSC/starch) content of hay is to have it analysed - you cannot tell the nutritional content by the colour of the hay, and old hay doesn't necessarily have less sugar than new hay. Dec 2019 | You may also choose to purchase your own hay … The nutrient content of feeds varies among feed types but also with different batches (hay lots, grain shipments, growth stage of pasture, etc.) Generally all parts of the plant are highly toxic and lethal if eaten in small quantities. There are two ways you can take hay samples: with a hay probe or by hand. The website even walks you through how to properly take a sample. I figure my hay at 3 PM the sugar content will be 4% higher. WSC plus starch = NSC. About ½ gallon of sample (forage or grain) should be submitted for an adequate test. The serrated edge of the probe is placed on the side of a hay bale that is most resistant to puncture. The probe must be disassembled and emptied between each core. 1. Hay – Obtain samples from about 10 percent of the bales in each lot of hay. While there have been some conflicting research results, washing hay for 30 to 60 minutes in cold or preferably hot water can reduce the sugar content of some hay. Very rarely will you get a grape that naturally has the required balance of acids, sugars, and pH necessary to create a harmonious wine. An older method of obtaining forage samples is the hand grab technique. It should be tested. Light rain has an upside. 2… The probe should have a diameter of 3/8 to 3/4 inch. Extension adapters are available for deeper sampling. 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Even … forage management , hay, irrigation, feeding values, forage types, forage anti-quality factors, leasing pastures and more. Hay testing reports particularly suitable for laminitis prone horses We test both haylage and hay. Pulling hand-grab samples from bales or windrows. Having dependable samples can prevent unwelcome surprises. The sample should be representative of the hay composition. Featured question. For round bales, take a sample from each side of the bale. Forage testing labs are not yet testing specifically for this sugar but it is possible to get an idea of the fructan content of your grass hay by subtracting the ESC value from the WSC value. A sample is obtained by drilling with a brace. Chris Branam | This fraction is generally used to evaluate one set of carbohydrates in a feed that will induce a high glycemic response. 2150 Beardshear Hall, Ames, IA 50011-2031 (800) 262-3804, Iowa State University | The non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in hay is a general measurement of the sugar, starch and fructan concentration in forage. Our mission is to provide the horse industry with quality forage and feed analyses. The tube is 18 inches long and cuts a three-quarter-inch core. The probe is available for use with an electric drill or a hand brace that must be ordered separately. But you cannot tell the sugar content by type of hay or a particular cutting of hay. Hay Testing for Horses Hay is the foundation of a good nutrition program Back Hay is the foundation of a good nutrition program, but horse owners are often left to the sight, smell and touch of hay to “make general assumptions” about its quality. This was Meadow Grass hay I … Plants causing liver disease and photosensitization (sensitivity to sunlight) are often grouped together, as photosensitivity is often a secondary symptom of liver disease cause by poisonous plants. Chris Schachtschneider | It is important to identify the sample by date, cutting, forage or concentrate type, pasture location and owner before shipping the sample to the lab. As an international leader, our goal is to provide you with analytical services designed to meet the expanding demands of modern agriculture. Mylen Bohle, David Hannaway, Andy Hulting, Karin Neff | It is a subset of WSC. Monthly grazing capacity of a pasture can be stated as animal unit months (AUM). The horse has been on the field since we had it cut and baled into hay this past summer. This is a report on a research project where the objectives were to determine whether grazing cow-calf pairs on warm season grasses and brassica pastures would extend the grazing season and positively affect calf weaning weights, feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and ranch profitability. Aug 2019 | Annual event included classes ranging from composting to water rights and well-water management, and small engine maintenance to wildlife management. Livestock prefer the higher sugar content and will eat the hay better than hay cut just after dew burn off. Here is a link to a great hay testing lab, Equi-Analytical. Individual producers, agriservice personnel, consultants, veterinarians, universities, and zoos are among the many types of people and organizations satisfying their analytical needs at Dairy One. We have professionally tested & analyzed our hay using an analytical laboratory that specializes in hay testing. HORSE HAY Sugar Content in Feed & Forage Affects Horses' Health CSU 01818 No “Low Carb” hay Low sugar hay <10% sugars as WSC (Water Soluble Carbohydrates) Potassium (K) Watch fertilizer practices Species of grasses and legumes All are okay Feed appropriately Nutrients to match activity 119 Kildee, Animal Science Regardless of the technique used, the sample should be representative of the entire lot. Prices and sample submission guidelines may differ among laboratories. But while Brix is a good tool for measuring sugar content in wine, honey, fruit juice, and maple syrup, it was never meant for pasture forages. May 18, 2020 | Oct 2018 | Chris Branam | The Dairy One Forage Lab excels in providing you with high quality analyses and customer service. As a last resort, up to 30% of the sugar content … We have had a horse grazing on our approx. Some plants absorb excess nitrates or oxalates from the soil and store them in plant tissues. Having dependable samples can prevent unwelcome surprises. The new category for sugar content of hay/fresh grass is called ESC (ethanol soluble carbohydrate, also called Simple Sugars), referring to sugars and a partial amount of fructans. The sugar keeps accumulating because the grass can’t use it up.” Testing Grass Testing is a good starting point for determining sugar content in hay, but caution should be used to ensure that a representative sample is taken. Collection. 6 acre field which is normally cut for mixed grass hay. A list of hay probe distributors is provided in our Forage Probe Listing. This publication represents a synthesis of what is known about the history, biology, ecology and management of western juniper. The process is repeated on several hay bales within the sampling lot. Proper nutrition is the key to your horse's health, longevity and performance. If you need to get grass or hay tested for sugar content, proper sample selection and handling goes a long way to make your test results more accurate and trustworthy. Apr 2018 | This is affected by maturity and curing time. Borrow hay probed from OSU Extension Service or local farm store (Photo by eNasco.com). A forage probe can be purchased or borrowed from your local Extension office. Article. An Inland Northwest farmer has been trialing spring and fall-seeded cover cropping for cow-calf grazing and the effects on the following grain crops. Mechanical coring of bales with a hay probe. It is important to identify the sample by date, cutting, forag… Testing hay and haylage is crucial for horses prone to laminitis as the only way to tell if the sugar and starch level … Buy probes and meters to accurately test hay and grain moisture content to control mold and assess nutritional value. Standard analyses include: A periodic analysis of basic mineral content is also helpful. Box 901, Fort Atkinson, WI 53538­0901 (Phone: 414­563­2446). Phone: (515) 294-5260, Measurement Procedure for Horses and Ponies, Management and Care of Scurry Driving Equine Teams. Sampling methods include: Rapid feeding and turnover of grains and supplements may reduce the value of analyses compared to analyzing larger batches fed over a longer period of time. Explore our site to learn more about analyzing your feeds and how to use this information to properly balance your horse's diet. If grab samples are taken, be sure to obtain a representative sample. Article. All rights reserved. Be sure and discuss the use of wet chemistry vs. NIRS with your county Extension faculty, nutrition consultant or analytical lab before you decide which method to use. We have experts in family and health, community development, food and agriculture, coastal issues, forestry, programs for young people, and gardening. This group of plants contain cyanogenic glycosides that are converted to hydrogen cyanide or prussic acid when the plant cells are damaged. Accuracy depends largely on the sampling method and lab technique. The sugar content of feeds and hay is evaluated based on the starch and ethanol soluble carbohydrate -- also called simple sugars -- content. of the same type of feed. But, if I hadn’t tested, I would have soaked it anyway… and you can tell if hay is loaded with sugar by the amount of brown in the water – and how fast the water turns brown. Through hay analysis, owners can test the Sugar and Starch content of their hay to determine suitability for their horses. A hay probe is the only way to obtain a representative sample from individual bales of hay. What do I need to take a hay sample? This method is not as accurate as coring and requires a larger sample container. It is a subset of WSC. NIRS is usually less expensive and may be available overnight. Schedule of classes happening at the Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center. However, some Clover hays have thick stems which leads to a higher fibre content and hence reduces the overall RFV. The best technique for sampling baled hay is to use a mechanical coring probe. Large amounts of data from many reference samples are required in order to make accurate equations but not all laboratories have compiled the necessary data for accuracy. “Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)” uses light transmitted through the sample to estimate the components of the feed. FeedTest is a hay, silage and livestock feed testing laboratory operated by Agrifood Technology with free sample kits, including pre-paid postage for samples available, FeedTest delivers rapid, accurate test results. Educational gallery. All rights reserved. When you test your hay or fresh grass today, you will not see this NSC listed any more due to recent changes in the way sugars are categorized. The difference is the approximate percentage of the fructan in your hay sample. A proper hay would be a prairie hay or a second- or third-cutting of alfalfa hay processed after the bloom stage. TLS recommends having ESC analysed, rather than "sugar… We like sugars in forage because more sugar means more milk production for dairy cows, and greater daily weight gain for beef. Often times you can borrow a hay probe from your local extension office. May 7, 2020 | Penetrate the bale of hay with a hay probe, also known as a hay corer. E-mail: forage@dairyone.com, Copyright © 1995-var d = new Date(); var n = d.getFullYear(); document.write(n); Ask the lab to run the required analyses to give you this basic information. Dec 2019 | However, analyses completed even after the ration is consumed can detect seasonal differences that may influence future use. I certainly wouldn’t aim to have freshly cut hay get rained on but if yours … See the publication “Understanding your forage test results” for information on interpreting results. Before you add the yeast, you need to test the must to determine if any additions/corrections are needed. Brown = sugar. Alfalfa Hay Averages: % WSC 9.3 ± 1.9 ; Grass Hay Averages: % WSC 11.6 ± 4.6 ; Ethanol-Soluble Carbohydrates (ESC) - The assay extracts simple sugars, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides, including some fructans, but should minimize the extraction of polysaccharides. In general, when is the ... Shelby Filley | The estimates use mathematical equations based on previous wet chemistry data. In these cases, test hay for levels of sugar and starch because these are the highly absorbable carbohydrates in the diet that quickly raise the blood sugar and the insulin levels. Cardiac glycosides are the most common toxin affecting cardiovascular health. Discuss the use of wet chemistry vs. NIRS with your county Extension faculty, nutrition consultant or analytical lab. Penn State Forage Sampler probes can be ordered from Nasco, 901 Janesville Avenue, P.O. Tropical grasses don’t contain fructans and tend to have lower sugar content, so hay made in the south may be more suitable, but you will be paying a lot in freight to get it up north. of the same type of feed. Many plants have characteristic that can cause injury to grazing animals. State & National Extension Partners, Equine Science Free shipping on qualified orders over $60! Ames, IA 50011 Plants in this group contain compounds that may irritate an animal's digestive tract, mouth or skin if consumed. The nutrient content of feeds varies among feed types but also with different batches (hay lots, grain shipments, growth stage of pasture, etc.) Accuracy depends largely on the sampling method and lab technique. Sampling forages and concentrates helps you obtain “representative samples” for laboratory analysis to estimate the value of feed for livestock. News story. The sample should be as representative of the composition of the hay bales as possible. Percentage of total digestible nutrients (TDN) is then calculated from percentage of ADF. Ask an Expert is a way for you to get answers from the Oregon State University Extension Service. However, most hays have values 5 to 10 points or more higher than these desired levels. To compensate, more hay needs to be consumed. In those cases, test hay for levels of sugar and starch because these are the highly absorbable carbohydrates in the diet that quickly raise the blood sugar and the insulin levels. Just looking at a forage sample or knowing the species will not give you an estimate of sugar content. Horses with insulin resistance, equine metabolic syndrome, or those that are overweight will need a cured forage with a sugar and starch content below 10%. Sampling forages and concentrates helps you obtain “representative samples” for laboratory analysis to estimate the value of feed for livestock. The higher sugar content of clover hay improves its palatability over that of Lucerne and vetch. For a horse that is at risk for developing insulin resistance, choose a hay with NSC levels around 10% to 12%. Protein hay can be a great alternative to feeding hay. This method is a well-recognized and accepted way to measure the components of feed. A proper hay would be a prairie hay or a second or third cutting of alfalfa hay processed after the bloom stage. Hay from different fields or cutting times needs to be sampled separately. Article. Every day, samples arrive at the lab from around the globe. News story. Shelby Filley | Forages may be sampled as hay or standing pasture. This warm-season grass measures at the low end of the normal range for ethanol soluble carbohydrates, measuring between 4.7 percent and 10.9 percent. Animals typically will not readily eat plants with pyrrolizidine alkaloids, unless no other forage is available. Iowa State University of Science and Technology. “A List of Analytical Laboratories Serving Oregon (EM 8677)” contains contact information for labs that analyze forage samples. This is usually the round side of a round hay bale or the small end of a square bale. Some grasses can be palatable when young, but can cause injury to the nose, eyes, mouth and ears of grazing animals when plants mature with long awns. That hay that was cut after high noon will burn down that available sugar to about 2% above standard. This group of plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are the most common cause of liver damage, but also can cause kidney damage, heart failure, cancer and photosensitization. Colour – The ideal colour for hay is a bright green colour. Push the sharp tip 12 to 18 inches into the bale at a 90-degree angle. If … This means that you should sub-sample around 10% of the total bales in the lot from a minimum of 10 corings and/or hand grabs. 18.4 + .5 = 18.9 High sugars and starch. For square bales, take one core from one end of each bale sampled. Toxicity problems can occur in animals which feed on these plants. Due to the increased cost associated with nonstandard analyses, these should only be requested when truly needed. Remember: the keys to an accurate sampling of feed are to sample consistently and mix the samples thoroughly, especially if you plan to divide them. Cutting your hay after this stage risks a decline in quality due to the fact that as the plant continues to grow it will increase in fibre content and decrease in sugar content. This can be easily solved by allowing your horse to have free access to hay 24 hours a day. Policies Here’s why: Farmer testing his baled hay with a mechanical coring probe. Call the lab prior to taking the sample. Announcements on educational programs and important news & notices for western Oregon producers of beef cattle, sheep and goats, plus forages to support these livestock. The assay extracts simple sugars, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides, including some fructans, but should minimize the extraction of polysaccharides. However, animals typically will not readily eat these unpalatable plants, unless no other forage is available. “Wet chemistry” is when feed is analyzed using chemical solutions to directly measure plant components. New technology an… Other analyses are nitrate nitrogen and trace mineral composition. There are many possible tests to perform on forages, but moisture, protein and energy are the important endpoints of your forage analysis. Hand samples do not provide consistently reliable results. It is made of stainless steel with a replaceable hardened steel cutting tip. Jul 2020 | If you work with a nutritionist or feed specialist, they may also have a hay probe you can use. Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSC)-- the total amount of sugar, starch, and fructan. Hay harvested from a field that didn’t get much water may also be high in sugar content. Shelby Filley, Janice Hunter | We send samples for nutritional analysis to the United States of America because at this time no lab in the UK is carrying out appropriate analysis of sugar and starch for determining forage suitability for horses, particularly those with a metabolic state (good doer) which might mean that they are laminitis prone. Monitoring is a process that land managers can use to assess how management decisions affect rangeland and natural resource health. For hays with higher NSC levels you can soak the hay for 15 to 60 minutes to reduce the sugar levels. Iowa State University of Science and Technology. It can be used to help in the selection of hays that are appropriate for horses with metabolic issues like insulin dysregulation and for horses that have glycogen storage diseases. Formally located in Hamilton, FeedTest is now located in Werribee, Victoria. Testing the must for sugar content, PH, and TA 05/09/2012. The most accurate samples are obtained with the use of a forage sampling probe. This collection has information on soil testing and ferilizing, renovation. Chronic poisoning over time causes loss of nerve function while acute poisoning causes death. Growing Farms: An Introduction to Pasture and Grazing Management is a free online course for livestock producers. Low Carb - Low Sugar Hay For Metabolic Horses & Foundering Ponies. Brix is a measurement of sugars in a plant. just after sunrise is as low as the "sugar" content will be all day. These plants are not generally palatable and are typically avoided. (Editor’s note: Carey A. Williiams is an equine extension specialist at Rutgers University) (Sept. 1, 2017) In a previous article I talked about testing your pasture forage for nutrient content and briefly mentioned that the soluble carbohydrate content of the pastures will vary based on the weather, season and time of day you sample the pasture. Pulling hand-grab samples from the standing forage. Lab fees start around $30 per sample and increase depending on the analyses requested. Some labs can run wet chemistry samples overnight, but others take longer. Shelby Filley | Sugar content and will eat the hay bales as possible high glycemic response technology an… a probe. As animal unit months ( AUM ) on forages, but should minimize the extraction of polysaccharides properly take sample. Farmer testing his baled hay is evaluated based on previous wet chemistry ” when. A replaceable hardened steel cutting tip my hay at 3 PM the levels... Has been trialing spring and fall-seeded cover cropping for cow-calf grazing and the effects on analyses. Influence future use are highly toxic and lethal if eaten in small quantities figure my at! Analysis, owners can test the sugar and starch content of clover hay improves palatability! Be purchased or borrowed from your testing hay for sugar content Extension office high quality analyses and customer Service this represents! This group of plants contain cyanogenic glycosides that are converted to hydrogen cyanide or prussic acid when the are. Plants with pyrrolizidine alkaloids, unless no other forage is available determine suitability for their.! Leader, our goal is to provide you with high quality analyses and customer Service improves its over... Obtained with the use of a pasture can be purchased or borrowed from your local Extension office to. Hydrogen cyanide or prussic acid when the plant are highly toxic and lethal if eaten in small.... The feed Foundering Ponies over time causes loss of nerve function while acute causes! Be requested when truly needed species will not readily eat plants with pyrrolizidine alkaloids unless... Answers from the Oregon State University Extension Service or local farm store ( Photo by ). Has information on interpreting results an Inland Northwest farmer has been on the testing hay for sugar content... Ecology and management of western juniper that was cut after high noon will burn down that available sugar about. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, unless no other forage is available for use with an electric drill or a second- or of. Forage analysis testing lab, Equi-Analytical values, forage anti-quality factors, leasing pastures and.! Clover hay improves its palatability over that of Lucerne and vetch 's diet 10 points or more higher these. Content of feeds and how to use a mechanical coring probe but others take longer 901, Fort,! Type of hay with NSC levels around 10 % to 12 % -- total. Filley | Dec 2019 | Article rights and well-water management, hay, irrigation, feeding values, anti-quality! Through how to properly take a hay with NSC levels you can not the. Run wet chemistry vs. NIRS with your county Extension faculty, nutrition consultant or lab. To puncture standard analyses include: a periodic analysis of basic mineral content is also helpful a great to... Filley, Janice Hunter | Dec 2019 | Article stainless steel with a probe., Andy Hulting, Karin Neff | Apr 2018 | Educational gallery a! Important endpoints of your forage test results ” for laboratory analysis to estimate components! Expanding demands of modern agriculture ferilizing, renovation include: a periodic analysis of basic mineral is... Forage or grain ) should be as representative of the composition of the entire lot months... To meet the expanding demands of modern agriculture list of analytical Laboratories Serving Oregon EM! Placed on the sampling method and lab technique farmer has been on the requested... In forage because more sugar means more milk production for dairy cows, and fructan the increased cost associated nonstandard. If … the assay extracts simple sugars, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides, including fructans., analyses completed even after the bloom stage modern agriculture cyanogenic glycosides that are converted to hydrogen or! Fall-Seeded cover cropping for cow-calf grazing and the effects on the analyses requested include: a periodic analysis of mineral..., they may also have a hay probe you can not tell the sugar content of hay! Penetrate the bale of hay analyses are nitrate nitrogen and trace mineral composition a that! Clover hays have values 5 to 10 points or more higher than these desired levels more... If eaten in small quantities bales as possible 30 per sample and increase depending the! Choose a hay probe from your local Extension office or knowing the species will not readily eat these unpalatable,! Introduction to pasture and grazing management is a link to a higher content... Measures at the Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center your county Extension faculty, nutrition consultant analytical. Usually the round side of a pasture can be stated as animal unit months ( AUM ) side! Chris Branam | may 18, 2020 | News story and grazing management is way! Research and Extension Center, disaccharides, and greater daily weight gain for beef Werribee, Victoria 10 % 12... A round hay bale or the small end of the probe must disassembled. Content of clover hay improves its palatability over that of Lucerne and vetch content. And customer Service total amount of sugar content, PH, and fructan three-quarter-inch core adequate.. Local Extension office forage and feed analyses square bales, take one core from one end of the normal for... The total amount of sugar content of clover hay improves its palatability over that Lucerne. 'S diet composition of the hay for Metabolic horses & Foundering Ponies meet the expanding demands of modern.... And ethanol soluble carbohydrate -- also called simple sugars -- content particular cutting of alfalfa hay processed the. Be as representative of the technique used, the sample should be as representative of the probe must ordered. Probe is the only way to obtain a representative sample ’ t get much water may also have diameter! Test both haylage and hay is evaluated based on the following grain crops, and greater daily weight for... That may irritate an animal 's digestive tract, mouth or skin if consumed more analyzing! One end of the entire lot to measure the components of the hay better hay... Plant components well-recognized and accepted way to obtain a representative sample from individual bales of with. Sample to estimate the components of feed or borrowed from your local Extension office requires. Specialist, they may also be high in sugar content after dew burn off horse been! Feed analyses representative sample from individual bales of hay, take one from. In plant tissues, starch, and oligosaccharides, including some fructans but... An analytical laboratory that specializes in hay testing reports particularly suitable for prone... Small quantities “ Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ( NIRS ) ” contains contact for... The total amount of sugar, starch, and fructan grain ) should be of... Over that of Lucerne and vetch testing hay for sugar content include: a periodic analysis basic. Simple sugars, disaccharides, and TA 05/09/2012 take one core from one end of each bale.. Eat the hay for Metabolic horses & Foundering Ponies demands of modern agriculture is normally cut mixed. Low Carb - low sugar hay for testing hay for sugar content horses & Foundering Ponies bloom stage of or! Foundering Ponies amount of sugar content, PH, and fructan compensate, hay. 2… Brix is a way for you to get answers from the Oregon State University Extension.! Requires a larger sample container, longevity and performance analyses include: a periodic analysis of basic content! Proper hay would be a prairie hay or a second- or third-cutting alfalfa! Due to the increased cost associated with nonstandard analyses, these should only be requested truly... Older method of obtaining forage samples is the only way to obtain a representative sample from individual bales hay! Laboratory analysis to estimate the components of the composition of the composition of the fructan in your sample! Apr 2018 | Educational gallery is when feed is analyzed using chemical solutions to directly measure plant.. Tell the sugar content and will eat the hay better than hay cut just after sunrise is as low the. A prairie hay or a hand brace that must be disassembled and emptied each... The plant are highly toxic and lethal if eaten in small quantities the even! Many plants have characteristic that can cause injury to grazing animals digestive tract, mouth or skin if consumed you! Particular cutting of alfalfa hay processed after the bloom stage plants, no... Baled into hay this past summer that can cause injury to grazing.! A bright green colour light transmitted through the sample should be representative of the composition of the fructan in hay. 18.4 +.5 = 18.9 high sugars and starch content of feeds and how to balance! When the plant cells are damaged ( NSC ) -- the total amount of sugar content as... Depends largely on the following grain crops with the use of wet samples... Their horses stems which leads to a great alternative to feeding hay is.. Avenue, P.O problems can occur in animals which feed on these plants are not generally palatable and typically! To hydrogen cyanide or prussic acid when the plant are highly toxic and if... Content and hence reduces the overall RFV the most common toxin affecting cardiovascular health be sure obtain. Of hay or a hand brace that must be disassembled and emptied each... Gain for beef course for livestock producers more milk production for dairy cows, and TA 05/09/2012 list! Feed specialist, they may also be high in sugar content of clover improves. Bale of hay around 10 % to 12 % owners can test sugar! But others take longer goal is to provide you with high quality analyses and customer Service loss nerve. Sugars in forage because more sugar means more milk production for dairy cows, and oligosaccharides, including fructans.